One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions) , love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child) , and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior) . Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below:
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis?

A) Do not reject H₀ (p > .05)
B) Do not reject H₀ (p < .05)
C) Reject H₀ (p < .05)
D) Reject H₀ (p < .01)

Question

One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions) , love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child) , and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior) . Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below:

You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis?

A) Do not reject H₀ (p > .05)
B) Do not reject H₀ (p < .05)
C) Reject H₀ (p < .05)
D) Reject H₀ (p < .01)

Taneya Reyes · Accepted Answer

Final Answer : C, Explanation :  To compare the effectiveness of induction and power assertion, we need to conduct a paired-samples t-test. The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the discipline methods (i.e., the mean effectiveness ratings for induction and power assertion are the same). The alternative hypothesis is that there is a significant difference (i.e., the mean effectiveness ratings for induction and power assertion are different).The results of the t-test are not provided in the given information. However, we can infer from the decision regarding the null hypothesis that the p-value obtained from the t-test is less than .05. This means that we have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of induction and power assertion. In other words, children rated induction as more effective than power assertion.

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