Normal checkpoint genes encoding proteins that promote mitosis are called ____.

A) carcinogens
B) proto-oncogenes
C) mitogens
D) oncogenes
E) growth inhibitor genes

Proto-Oncogenes

Normal genes that, when mutated, become oncogenes and can contribute to cancer development by promoting cell growth and division.

Checkpoint Genes

Genes that regulate the cell cycle and ensure that each phase is completed accurately before the next one begins, acting as safeguards against cellular damage and uncontrolled cell growth.

Mitosis

The division of a cell resulting in two descendant cells, each inheriting an identical count and form of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical in the growth of regular tissues.