According to the syndrome model of Addictions,there are multiple and interacting antecedents of addiction that can be organized in at least three primary areas.Which of the following is NOT a primary area:

A) Shared neuro-biological antecedents.
B) Shared psychosocial antecedents.
C) Shared spiritual antecedents.
D) Shared experiences and consequences.

Syndrome Model

A conceptual approach that describes a syndrome as a set of symptoms occurring together consistently enough to constitute a recognizable condition.

Neuro-Biological Antecedents

Biological and neurological factors that precede and influence the development of certain behaviors or conditions.

Psychosocial Antecedents

Factors in an individual's psychological and social environment that precede and contribute to the development of behaviors or conditions.