A clear-cut division of labour, a strict hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, and promotion based on competency are features that characterize bureaucracy.

Clear-Cut Division

A distinct separation or differentiation in roles, functions, or responsibilities within an organization or process.

Hierarchy Of Authority

A system within an organization where authority and power are ranked from the top (highest authority) to the bottom (lowest authority), determining how decisions flow through the organization.

Bureaucracy

An organizational system characterized by standardized procedures, hierarchical structure, and formal rules, often leading to efficiency at the cost of flexibility.